LL.M. 3rd sem

Course Details – Mindvyuh LLM Preparation Program

Foundation course

Criminal Law

Constitution Law and Administrative Law

Business Law

Corporate Law

Human Rights

Overview:

The Mindvyuh LLM Course is specially designed to help students master their semester exams and core legal subjects. The course focuses on strengthening conceptual understanding and preparing students to handle the complex and challenging topics commonly found in the curriculum.

Course Features:

• Online Study material :Structured notes and practice resources covering the entire syllabus.
• Topic-Wise MCQs: Carefully curated, high-yield questions for Practice and test understanding.
• Audio Lecture in English & Marathi

Validity & Access:

Course Validity: 150 days from date of activation

Platform Access: 24×7 unlimited access through the official Android application.

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Paper F-VIII

Computer and Information Technology Law

(THEORY)

Course objectives:

(a)To acquaint with the various tools and technique of computer and its utility to law field;

(b)To explore the cyber law, various concepts and cyber forensic;

(c)To understand the various threat and benefits of computer technology, e- commerce, and cyber evidence; and

(d)To examine the Cyber crime investigation and various stages.

Course Outcomes:       

(a)   Critically analyse various tools and technique of computer, and its utility in law filed including legal research and teaching;

(b)  Application and functional aspects of cyber laws and its use

(c)   To explore the understanding of Cyber space, cyber evidence, cyber forensic and cyber crime investigation; and

(d)  To examine the cyber crime its menace and its regulation

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I BASIC CONCEPTS IN COMPURERS:

     1. Hardware and Software:-

(i)Meaning of Hardware and Software

(ii)  Computer and its assembly.

(iii) Meaning and types of computer programmes.

     2.  Memory and Storage:-

(i)   Types of memory and speed (RAM, ROM etc).

(ii)  Kinds, advantages and disadvantages of computer storage devices.

     3. Fundamentals of Internet:-

(i)    History of the Internet.

(ii)  Meaning and concept of WWW and Internet.

(iii) Working and managing of internet.

(iv) Types of network.

(v)   Protocols and their use.

(vi) Cyberspace.

     4. Meaning and working of Viruses, Trojans and Worms etc.

     5. Internet security: Firewalls, Biometrics.

Unit II ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI) :-

     1.  Meaning and benefits of EDI.

     2.  Formation of contract by EDI.

     3.  Admissibility in evidence of EDI messages.

     4.  Security of EDI messages.

     5.  Confidentiality and protection of data.

     6.  E-commerce:

(i)  Meaning, Types and Benefits.

(ii) E-commerce and Indian Economy, barriers to adoption. (Infrastructure, legal and jurisdictional issue).

(iii) Electronic payments (Digital Cash).

Unit III INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT:-

     1. Digital Signatures:-

(i)   Technical issue: symmetric and asymmetric cryptography, keys and man-in-the-middle attack.

(ii) Legal issue: Definition, Recognition and Authentication of digital signature under IT Act.

(iii) Benefits.

     2. Damage to computers and penalties under section 43.

     3. Cyber Crimes:-

(i)   Tampering with the computer source documents (section 65).

(ii) Hacking ((section 66).

(iii) Publishing obscene information in electronic form (section 67 and section 79).

(iv) Cyber Frauds and Cyber Thefts.

(v) Cyber Stalking and Cyber Terrorism.

4. Cyber Crime Investigation:-

(i)   Technical Aspect: Information in the computer, confiscation, protection and packing, computer examination.

(ii) Legal Aspect: power to investigate and procedure for investigation.

Criminal Law

PAPER – V

VICTOMOLOGY

Course Objectives:

(a)   To study the concept, meaning and types of victim

(b)  To understand the pattern of Criminal Victimization

(c)  To study the impact of victimization with reference to physical and financial.

(d)  To study the policies under criminal justice system in India.

(e)  To study the compensatory Jurisprudence in the field of victimology.

Course Outcome:

(a)  To understand and gain knowledge regarding pattern of Criminal Victimization.

(b)  To understand the impact of victimization with reference to physical and financial

(c)  To understand the criminal justice system with reference to victim in India.

(d)  To analyse the provisions of compensatory jurisprudence with reference to victim.

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I Victims:

1.    Concept and Importance. 

2.    Meaning nature and types of victims of crime.

3.    Historical development of victimology.

4.    Scope and objectives of victimology

5.    National and International policies: United Nation, Amnesty International, National Human Right Commission etc.

Unit II Patterns of Criminal Victimizations.

1.    Role of victims in Criminal Occurrence

2.    Victim – Offender relationship

3.    Victim typologies.

4.    Victim of abuse of power.

5.    Women and crime victimization.

6.    Children and crime victimization.

 Unit III Impact of Victimization - Physical and Financial. 

1.    Physical and financial impact of victimization.

2.    Victimization: Impact on family.

3.    Psychological stress and trauma.

4.    Criminal, victimization, sense of security and socio economic development.

 Unit IV Criminal Justice System & Victim. 

1.    Criminal Justice System and victim relationship: Collaborator or evidence.

2.    Victim & Police: Lodging of FIR & recording of statement. 

3.    Deposition & cross-examination in courts. 

4.    NGO intervention: Victim-Witness Association, Victim Association

5.    Concept, meaning & importance for society & criminal justice system. 

6.    Restitution, ex-gratia payment & insurance. 

7.    Victim Compensation in India: Provisions under Cr. P.C.

Unit V-Compensatory Jurisprudence in the Field of Victimology:

1.    Compensatory Relief under General/Procedural Laws

2.    Compensation under Special Laws

i.       Compensation under the Probation of Offender Act, 1958

ii.      Compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

 3.  Compensatory Reliefs under the Constitution of India

 4. Compensation by Human Rights Commissions

(i)   National Human Rights Commissions

(ii) State Human Rights Commissions

(iii)         Human Rights Court

PAPER –VI

WHITE COLLAR CRIME

Course Objective 

(a)  To study the concept of white collar in India and Other countries

(b)  To study the impact of white collar crime from Indian perspective.

(c)  To study their impact of white collar crime on Indian Economy and its affect on Development activities.

Course Out comes:

(a)  To acquire the knowledge regarding nature of While collar crime and offences and penalties under different statute in India

(b)  To understand the Liabilities of white collar crime.

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit-I Nature and Definition Genesis of White Collar Crime.

1.    Nature and Scope of White Collar Crime.

2.    Classification of white Collar Crime

3.    Sutherland’s view on White Collar Crime

4.    Criticisms on Sutherland’s view on White Collar Crime

Unit- II Growth of White Collar Crime in India and Western Countries.

1.    Growth of White Collar Crime in India

2.    Growth of White Collar crime in Western Countries

Unit-III. Liabilities under White Collar Crime

1.    Mensrea and White Collar Crime.

2.    Vicarious liability in White Collar Crime

3.    Strict liability in White Collar Crime.

Unit-IV Statues dealing with White Collar Offences.

1.    The Essential Commodities (Amendment )Act, 2020 (with recent Amendments)

2.    The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006

3.    The prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002: Salient features of the Act, definition and scope, powers to arrest under the Act, adjudication, authorities and special court, obligation of banking companies, financial institutions and inter-mediaries

4.    Breach of Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA)

5.    Prevention of corruption Act, 1988: Salient features of the Act, offences committed by public servant and bribe giver, prosecution and penalties

Unit V Indian Scenario White Collar Crimes in Indian scenario.

1.    Corruption in government and politics

2.    Black Money.

3.    Judicial response to white collar crimes in India.

4.    Cyber Crimes

Unit VI- White Collar Crimes in India

1.    Holding , black-marketing

2.    Tax evasion, business

3.    White Collar crime in Different Professions: medial, engineering, legal, educational institutions.

4.    fake employment and placement rackets

Constitution Law and Administrative Law

 PAPER - V

JUDICIAL CONTROL OF ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS.

           N.B.:        Students are expected to be familiar with relevant principles of Administrative Law of - UK, USA and France.

 Course g objectives–

(a)   A spirit of inquiry to explore Judicial control of the administrative laws, various principles governing the judicial control over the administrative power;

(b)  Judicial and quasi-judicial processes, various doctrine, and approaches

(c)   The new emerging trades in the administrative process and its judicial regulations; and

(d) To develop the enquiry of understanding the latent aspects of administrative process that imbibe in a powers, liabilities, and its inculcation in the judicial review of the administration action.

Expected Course Outcomes:

(a)   At the end it is expected that the student will be able to :

(b)  Understand and interpret judicial review of the administrative actions;

(c)   Public policy, principles of natural justice and its role;

(d)  Remedies including ordinary remedies and constitutional remedies against the misuse of administrative power; and

(e)   Understand and analyse the judicial control of dictionary powers.

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I Judicial Control of Administrative Powers through Writs :

1. Court as the Primary instrument of control of administrative action.

2. Writ Jurisdiction of the High Courts and the Supreme Court.

3. Conditions necessary for the exercise of writ jurisdiction - writ of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Quo-warranto and Prohibition.

4. Public policy restraints on the exercise of power of judicial review under Arts 32 and 226-, exhaustion of remedies, Laches.

5. Public Interest Litigation , Doctrine of Locus Standi and Compensatory Justice.

6. Special Leave to Appeal to the Supreme Court and High Court’s Power of Superintendence.

Unit II Procedural Impropriety as a ground of Judicial Review of Administrative Action :

1. Historical Development of the Concept of Natural Justice.

2. Principles of Natural Justice.

3. Essentials of Fair Hearing

4. Bias and Personal Interest

5. Failure of Natural Justice.

6. Exceptions to the Rule of Natural Justice .

7. Legitimate Expectation - Good Faith doctrine etc.

Unit III Ordinary Remedies.

1. Distinction between ordinary remedies and remedies under Arts

2. 226 and 32.

3. Declaratory Judgements and Injunctions.

4. Specific Performance and Civil Suits for Compensation against government and public authorities.

Unit IV Exclusion of Judicial Review and Ouster Clause :

1. Formula of Exclusion clause or ouster clause.

2. Scope of outer clause.

3. Non-compliance with statutory provisions.

Unit V Judicial Control of Discretionary Powers :

1. Scope and Extent of Judicial Review in Discretionary Powers.

2. Duty to give reasons.

3. Surrender or abdication of discretionary power.

4. Non-compliance with Procedural Requirements.

5. Administrative Discrimination.

6. Limiting and Structuring Discretion.

PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND LIABILITY : CONTROLS ON

MALADMINISTRATION

Course objectives:

(a)   A spirit of inquiry to explore liabilities of Government and public authorities in torts and contract, promissory estoppels;

(b)   To analyse the various check and balance over the public authorities like ombudsman, right to know, RTI;

(c)   To explore the enquiries about the fact finding commission and inquiry; and

(d)   To examine the judicial power of the administration.

Course Outcomes:

At the end it is expected that the student will be able to :

(a)   Understand and interpret the public authorities, its power, and liabilities;

(b)   To analyse various check and balance on the public authorities; Constitution to address the emerging complex issues;

(c)   Explore the various functional theories, doctrine and principles working in the backdrop and its interplay with the emerging issues; and

Syllabus of the Course:.

Unit I Liability of Government.

     1) Liability of Government and Public Authorities in Torts and Contract; Promissory Estoppel.

     2) Government Privileges in Legal Proceedings.

Unit II Right to Know and Information :

     1) Jurisprudential and Constitutional Perspectives.

     2) American Freedom of Information Act, 1966 and English Official Secrets Act and Right to Know.

     3) Indian Official Secrets Act, 1923, Right to Information Act, 2002 and Right to know.

     4) Judicial Decisions.

Unit III Ombudsman :

     1) The concept.

     2) Comparative perspectives

     3) Evolving Indian models - Lokpal, Lokayukta Institutions.

Unit IV Fact Finding Commission and Inquiry :

     1) Commission of Inquiry

     2) Vigilance Commission

     3) Investigation Agencies : the CBI

     4) Inquiries by Legislative Committees.

     5) Legislative Control

     6) Financial Control - Comptroller and Auditor General

     7) Judicial Inquiries.

Unit V Judicial Powers of Administration :

     1) Need for devolution of Adjudicatory power on Administration.

     2) Administrative Tribunals and other Adjudicatory Authorities - Growth, Evolution and present Status.

     3) Nature and Character of Tribunals - CAT and SAT

Unit VI Public Undertaking and Corporation :

     1) Reasons for Autonomous Bodies.

     2) Government Control, Parliamentary Control, Judicial Control.

Business Law

Paper - V

BANKING LAW

Course objectives:

(a)   A spirit of inquiry to the evolution of banking and its history in India, purpose and utility;

(a)   To explore the banking regulations and control;

(b)  To examine the role of RBI as central bank, recovery of loans, and current trends; and

(c)   To explore the various regulations to regulate banking sector including NI Act, 1881

Course Outcomes:

At the end it is expected that the student will be able to :

(a)   Understand the banking structure in India and its functional mechanism;

(b)  RBI as central bank and its control over the banking sector;

(c)   To apply the various rules and regulations for banking sector in India including recovery of loans, NI Act, 1881 etc at all.

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I Introduction

           1)  Evolution of banking and its history in India.  Role of banking institutions in the socio-economic development of the country.

           2)  Structure and functions of different banking institutions- viz. Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Merchant Banks, Co-operative Bank, Specialised Banks, Financial Institutions.

           3)  Banker and Customer- nature and relationship, rights and duties, banker’s lien, banking instruments, consumer protection: banking as service.

Unit II Law of Banking Regulations - Banking Regulation Act, 1949

           1)  Social control over banking institutions, National Credit Council, loan meals.

           2)  Control by RBI and central government over business activities of banking institutions.

           3)  Control over accounts and audit.

           4)  Reconstruction and reorganisation

           5)  Suspension and winding up.

           6) Control over non-banking financial institutions.

           7)  Nationalisation of banks, critical analysis of banks before and after nationalisation. Liberalisation policy and its impact on banking sector, disinvestment.

Unit III  Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

           1)  Evolution of Central Bank- constitutional background.

           2)  Characteristics and functions of RBI.

           3)  Legal status and organisational structure of RBI.

           4)  Regulating mechanism of RBI over other Banks

Unit IV Recovery of Loans

           1)  Default in Repayment of Loans

           2)  Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institution Act, 1993

           3)  The Securitisation Act 2002

           4) Legal and Non Legal measures of Recovery of Loans

           5) Banking Ombudsman and Internal Ombudsman

Unit V Current Trends and use of latest Technology in Banking

           1)  Internet Banking

           2)  ATM

           3)  Credit Cards, Debit Cards and Smart -Cards

Unit VI Negotiable Instruments

           1) Negotiable Instruments- meaning, characteristics and kinds, promissory notes, bills of exchange, Hundis and Cheques.

           2) Discharge of parties from liability, discharge of instruments and consequences.

           3)  Dishonour of cheques and forgery of cheques.

Paper - VI

Insurance Law

Course Objectives:

(a)   To explore the concept of insurance. The evolution of Insurance, marine, fine, housing and life insurance

(b)   To study General philosophy of insurance, its utility and approaches;

(c)   To understand the Various concepts, like third party insurance, key man insurance; and

(d)   To develop the enquiry of understanding the latent aspects of Insurance law and its functional mechanism.

Expected Course Outcomes:

At the end it is expected that the student will be able to :

(a)   Understand and interpret Insurance as concept, approach and philosophy;

(b)   Understand Various types of insurance and principles governing the same; and

(c)   Explore the various functional theories, doctrine and principles working in insurance sectors.

Unit I Nature of Insurance:

1.     History and essential elements,

2.     proposal,

3.     policy,

4.     parties,

5.     consideration,

6.     need for utmost good faith,

7.     insurable interest,

8.     indemnity, Law of contract.

Unit II General Principles of Law of Insurance:

1.     The risk: commencement, attachment and duration, assignment and alteration, settlement of claim and subrogation,

2.     Insurance Act 1938

3.     Insurance Regulatory Development Authority Act, 2000,

4.     Double Insurance and Reinsurance.

5.     Role of Private Life Insurance Companies and Insurance Regulatory and their control ion Foreign Insurance Companies.

Unit III Life Insurance:

1.     Nature and scope,

2.     Insurable interest,

3.     accident and disability,

4.     benefit,

5.     event insured against,

6.     life insurance contract, circumstances affecting the risk,

7.     persons entitled to payment, assignment and nomination,

8.     Life Insurance Act 1956, Assessments, Adverse Selection against Insurer.  

Unit IV General Insurance :

Marine Insurance:

1.     Nature and scope,

2.     classification of Marine Policies,

3.     Marine Insurance Act 1963,

4.     Insurable Interest,

5.     Insurable Value, conditions,

6.     express warranties,

7.     interpretation of terms of policies,

8.     voyage-  Deviation, perils of sea, assignment of policy, partial loss of ship, freight, salvage particular  Charges.

A.   Property Insurance:

1.     Fire insurance,

2.     burglary and theft policies,

3.     goods in transit,

4.     livestock and agriculture insurance.

B.    Third Party Risk Insurance:

1.     Motor Vehicles Act 1988, nature and scope,

2.     contributory negligence,

3.     effect of Insolvency or death 

4.     Claims Tribunal,

5.     constitution, functions, procedure, powers and award, public liability insurance.

Unit V Miscellaneous Insurance Schemes : New Dimensions

1.     Group Life insurance,

2.     medical claim and Sickness Insurance,

3.     crop and cattle insurance and Govt Schemes,

4.     Group Life Insurance – Methods of underwriting,

5.     new disinvestment Policy in Insurance Sector.

Corporate Law

PAPER - V

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW

Course objectives:

(a)   To study the meaning ,nature ,sources, development of international economic law

(b)   To understand international economic agencies and international economic institutions

(c)   To understand the structure, functions and jurisdiction of WTO

Course outcome:

(a) To acquire the knowledge regarding international economic law, international economic agencies, international economic institutions

(b) To understand the objectives, principles and problem areas of WTO

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I Introduction:

1.    Meaning and Nature of International Economic Law.

2.    Sources of International Economic Law.

3.    Development and evolution of IEL in pre and post World war periods.

4.    Changing Dimensions of International Economic Law.

5.    Doctrine of sovereignty over wealth and natural resources.

Unit II International Economic Agencies.

          1. International Monetary fund (IMF):

                 a) Role and objectives.

                 b)  Structure.

                 c) Resources.

                 d) Special Drawing Rights.

                 e) Conditionality Clause.

          2. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD):

                 a) Role and objectives.

                 b) Structure.

                 c) Resources.

                 d) Appraisal of Performance.

Unit III International Economic Institutions:

1.   United Nations and its specialised agencies - Functions and role played in development of International Economic Law.

          2. United Nations conference on trade and Development (UNCTAD) :

                 a) Institutional framework

                 b) Objectives and functions

                 c) Role and achievements

           3. United Nations Commission for International Trade Law (UNCITRAL):

                 a) Structure and functions

                 b) Role and Achievements

Unit IV World Trade Organisation:

1.   Historical background

2.   Objectives.

3.   Structure, function and jurisdiction.

4.   Principles

5.   Dispute Settlement

6.   Select agreements of WTO on following topics

                    i.      Rules of origin

                    ii.     Subsidiary on agriculture

                    iii. Anti Dumping

                    iv. E - commerce

                    v. Transfer of technology

                    vi. General Agreement on Trade in Service

           7. Problem areas of WTO

                    i.     Social clause

                    ii. Protection of environment

PAPER - VI

INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW.

Course objectives:

(a)   To study the international sale of goods, financing and payment in international Trade, transportation of exports

(b)   To understand the concepts of insurance of exports, and dispute settlement

Course outcome:

(a)   To acquire the knowledge relating to international sale of goods, financing and payment in international trade.

(b)   To understand the provisions of marine and aviation insurance, non judicial dispute settlement

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I International Sale of Goods:

          1.  Special trade terms in export sales - Definitions, kinds, Differences between Rights and duties of buyers and sellers.

          2.  Standardisation of terms in International Sales: Uniform Conditions of Export Sales - Role of UNCITRAL, International Chamber of Commerce Publications, Standard contract forms applied to specified international transactions.

          3.  Offer and acceptance.

          4.   Performance of contract.

          5.   Rights of unpaid seller

           6.  Countertrade.

          7.  Frustration of contract

          8.  Conflict of laws

          9.  Unification of the Law of International Sales.

Unit II Financing and Payment in International Trade.

           1.  Meaning, types and control of foreign investment

           2.  Bill of Exchange - Meaning

          3.  Letters of Credit - Characteristics and kinds.

          4.  Bank guarantees and other contract guarantees.

Unit III.    Transportation of Exports.

           1.  Carriage of Goods by Sea- Unimodal and Multimodal Transport, Contract of Carriage by Sea, Bills of Lading, Charter party Liability of ship owner for loss or damage to goods.

           2.  Container transport - Course of business in container Transport, Legal problems of container transport.

           3.  Carriage of Goods by Air

           4.  Carriage of Goods by Land.

Unit IV.   Insurance of Exports - Marine and Aviation Insurance.

Unit V.    Dispute Settlement Non -judicial dispute settlement: Arbitration and Conciliation.

Human Rights

PAPER - V

Human Rights and Criminal Justice System.

Course Objectives:

a)   To Study the concept of crime and criminal liability, relevant provisions under the constitution of India

b) To understand the human rights and international norms of the treatment for prisoners, Investigation of crime and international crimes

Course outcome:

a)   To understand the role of criminal justice system, protection under various legislations, role of police in investigation of crimes

b)To acquire knowledge regarding basic principles and minimum rules for the treatment of prisoners and international treaties and conventions.

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I Conceptual Perspective:

1.   Concept of crime and criminal liability.

2.   Offences involving Human Rights.

3.   Role of Criminal Justice System.

Unit II Criminal Justice and Relevant Constitutional Provisions:

                 Art. 20,21, & 22 - Rights of the Accused persons, Detention, Arrest, Search And Seizure, Bail, Legal Aid, Speedy Trial, Fair Procedure, Due Process of Law, Torture, Compensation, Custodial Violence, Investigations.

Unit III Monumental Acts: I.P.C., Cr.P.C., Indian Evidence Act (relevant provisions). Offences: bailable and non-bailable.

Unit IV A. Human Rights and Role of Police as Law Enforcement Officials, Abuse of police power: third degree methods, police firing, encounter deaths.

            B.  Different Categories of Custodial Crimes: Causes, reasons for custodial crimes, instances of custodial crimes and their impact, compensatory justice, remedies for curbing incidents of custodial crimes.

Unit V Human Rights and International Norms:

1. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.

2. Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners.

3. Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under any Form of Detention or Imprisonment.

4. Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials.

5. Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatments or Punishment.

6. Code of Conduct for Police in India.

Unit VI Investigation of Crime: Technology and Forensic Sciences: Searches and Seizures, Telephone Tapping, Surveillance, Lie detection test, DNA Test, other physical tests under Identification of Prisoners Act, 1920.

Unit VII International Perspectives: International Crimes: International co-operation in combating of transnational organized crimes and International terrorism - Palemo Convention on Transnational Organized Crimes 2000, International norms on administration of Criminal Justice - UN General Assembly Resolutions. International Criminal Court - Rome Statute 1998.

Paper - VI

       International Humanitarian Law & Refugee Law

Course Objectives:

a) To study the international humanitarian law and refugee law  

Course Outcome:

a.    to acquire the knowledge regarding international humanitarian law and refugee law

Syllabus of the Course:

Unit I International Humanitarian Law:

1.   Definition of International Humanitarian Law, the origin and development throughout the ages.

2.   Growth and Development of ICRC and its role.

3.   The four Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols.

4.   International Humanitarian Law and the Human Rights Law.

5.   National Measures for the implementation of International Humanitarian Law. (The Geneva Convention Act, 1960).

Unit II      International Refugee Law:

1.   Definition of Refugee, Historical development of Refugee Law, principle of non-refoulement, rights & responsibilities of refugee, refugees “surplace”.

Unit III  Role of UNHCR in protection of the Human Rights of Refugees

1.   Human Rights Instruments and Refugee Rights.

2.   Statute of the office of the United NATIONS High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 1950

3.   International Instruments - The 1951 Convention Relating to Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol.

4.   International Strategies for Refugees Protection, early warning, safety zones, right to remain, right to return, temporary asylum, internally displaced persons.

5.   Protection in India: Indian critique of UNHCR and the Convention, protection without legislation, status of refugees in India under UNHCR, Model National Law for Refugees.

Unit IV Solutions to Refugees Problem:

1.    Burden sharing, extradition of Refugee, voluntary Repatriation, naturalisation, resettlement in third country

2.    Regional Mechanisms on Refugee Protection including the OAU Convention, Cartengena Declaration, etc.

Unit V Refugee Protection in India

1.   Constitution of India

2.   Registration of Foreigner Act, 1939, Foreigner Act 1946 and foreigners order 1948

3.   Role of National Human Right Commission

4.   Judicial Decisions on interpreting rights of Refugee in India.

India’s position regarding 1951 Conventions on Refugees